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 More on Engraving Techniques...
The process of cutting into the surface of an annealed glass object
either by holding it against a rotating copper wheel fed with an abrasive
or by scratching it, usually with a diamond. See also carving, cutting,
and stippling.
Carving: The removal of glass from the surface of an object by means
of hand-held tools.
Cutting: The technique whereby glass is removed from the surface of an
object by grinding it with a rotating wheel made of stone, wood, or
metal, and an abrasive suspended in liquid as the cutter holds the object
against the upper, or top, side of the rotating wheel. See also
copper-wheel engraving, carving, and wheel engraving.
Stippling: (1) The technique of tapping the surface of a glass object
with a pointed tool, often with a diamond or tungsten-carbide tip. Each
tap produces a mark, and the decoration is composed of many hundreds or
thousands of marks.
(2) On lacy-pattern pressed glass, the stippling is part of the decoration of the mold.
Copper-wheel engraving: A technique of decorating the surface of an
object. Copper disks (wheels) of various sizes and rim profiles are
rotated on a spindle. An abrasive (in the past, emery
was frequently used), mixed with oil, is applied to the edge of the
wheel. The wheel presses the abrasive against the glass so that it removes
the surface by grinding.
Wheel engraving: A process of decorating the surface of glass by the
grinding action of a wheel, using disks of various materials (usually
copper, but sometimes stone) and sizes, and an abrasive in a grease or
slurry applied to a wheel, as the engraver holds the object against the
underside of the rotating wheel. See below for an example of wheel
engraving.
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